PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Devonian Subages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of North America						Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian										0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Yushean								Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean							Yushean										3.6
		Zanclean							Baodean										4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian							Tunggurian										11.1
		Serravallian							Tunggurian										11.63
		Langhian							Shanwangian										13.82
		Burdigalian							Shanwangian										15.98
		Burdigalian							Xiejiaan										16.9
		Aquitanian							Xiejiaan										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Melekhovian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
		Wordian																	264.28
		Wordian					Noginskian												264.9 *
		Roadian																	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
		Kungurian					Pavlovoposadian												276.8 *
		Artinskian					Pavlovoposadian												283.5
		Artinskian					Rusavkinian												287.6 *
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian	303.7
			Khamovnikian	304.8
			Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian	307
			Podolskian	308.9 *
			Kashirian	311.4 *
			Vereian	313.8
			Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian	315.2
			Cheremshanian	316.9 *
			Prikamian	318.6 *
			Severokeltmian	319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
			Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
			Protvian	324.4 *
			Steshevian	326.8 *
			Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Venevian	330.9
			Mikhailovian	331.9 *
			Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Tulian	335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	358.9
				Middle Famennian	365.3 *
				Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian	372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian	383.7 *
				Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian		Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Kralodvorian		Richmondian		446 *
					Berounian		Richmondian		449.7 *
							Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian			450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian			453
							Turinian			453.7 *
							Turinian			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Whiterockian			Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
					Dobrotivian								458.5 *
					Oretanian								459.7 *
								Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †					467.3
					Arenigian								468
							Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadocian		Tulean							477.7
							Stairsian							480.3 *
							Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian							485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian													Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Branchian			509
		Stage 3												Branchian			514
		Stage 3												Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
																			538.8