PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Chibanian												Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian												Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian												Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian												Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian												Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian												Waipipian			3
		Zanclean												Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean												Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian											Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian												Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian												Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian											Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian												Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian												Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian												Lillburnian			13.82
														Clifdenian			15.1
													Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian												Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian												Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian												Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian											Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Waitakian			23.03
														Duntroonian			25.2
														Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
													Arnold	Runangan			34.6
														Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian												Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian												Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian												Bortonian			41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
														Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian												Heretaungan			47.8
														Mangaorapan			48.9
														Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Teurian			56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian												Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian												Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian											Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
														Mangaotanean			90.5
														Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian												Arowhanan			93.9
													Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
														Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Motuan			100.5
														Urutawan			103.3
													Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian												Korangan			113
		Aptian															117.5
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian			Humphresianum	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
							Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
								180.1
						Kanense		181.3 *
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Kanense		182
						Carlottense		182.3 *
						Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Kunae		184.2
						Freboldi		185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi					192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
		Asselian							Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Kuzel	298.9
									Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B	300.9 *
										Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian								Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian								Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian								Cantabrian	307
									Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Westphalian C	309.8
										Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian								Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
									Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
										Marsdenian	320.2 *
										Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
										Alportian	322 *
										Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Chokierian	323.2
										Arnsbergian	324 *
										Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean							Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
									Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian						Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian							346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian							353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian					Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
										Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Edenian		450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian	451.1 *
						Cheneyan	451.5 *
						Burrellian	452.7 *
		Sandbian					453
							Actonian †			453.2 *
					Turinian		Actonian †			453.7 *
							Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †				455.2 *
						Aurelucian					456.8 *
				Whiterockian							Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
						Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
					Rangerian								469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian							Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Blackhillsian		Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Tulean		Whitlandian							473.9 *
							Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
					Stairsian		Migneintian							480.3 *
					Stairsian		Cressagian							480.8 *
					Skullrockian		Cressagian						Demingian †	482 *
													Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10												Niuchehean		487.5
		Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian												Paibian		494
		Paibian												Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian												Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan												Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3												Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian												Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian												Jinnigian		530.7
																	538.8