PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Devonian of Germany	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian						2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian						3
		Zanclean						Waipipian						3.6
		Zanclean						Opoitian						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan						7.246
		Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian						Waiauan						11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian						13.82
								Clifdenian						15.1
							Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian						Altonian						15.98
		Burdigalian						Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian						23.03
								Duntroonian						25.2
								Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
							Arnold	Runangan						34.6
								Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian						Bortonian						41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
								Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan						47.8
								Mangaorapan						48.9
								Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian						56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian						Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
								Mangaotanean						90.5
								Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan						93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
								Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan						100.5
								Urutawan						103.3
							Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian						Korangan						113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense		Humphresianum	168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
				Planulata			179.3 *
							Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
									180.1
				Kanense					181.3 *
				Kanense	Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				182
				Carlottense					182.3 *
				Kunae					183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				184.2
				Freboldi					185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi					Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras					Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi					192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras			Psiloceras			196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Emsian	393.3
		Pragian								Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian								Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill			Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	Rawtheyan								445.2
			Cautleyan								448.9 *
			Pusgillian								449.3 *
			Caradoc					Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan				451.5 *
								Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian			Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aurelucian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig			Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian						470
						Whitlandian						471.1 *
						Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian						477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Cressagian						480.8 *
														485 *