PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mesozoic Subages		Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran					0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian					Castlecliffian					0.34
				Calabrian					Castlecliffian					0.774
				Calabrian					Nukumaruan					1.63
				Gelasian					Nukumaruan					1.8
				Gelasian					Mangapanian					2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian					2.58
				Piacenzian					Waipipian					3
				Zanclean					Waipipian					3.6
				Zanclean					Opoitian					3.7
			Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
				Messinian					Tongaporutuan					7.2
				Tortonian					Tongaporutuan					7.246
				Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan					11.04
				Serravallian					Waiauan					11.63
				Serravallian					Lillburnian					13.05
				Langhian					Lillburnian					13.82
									Clifdenian					15.1
								Pareora	Altonian					15.9
				Burdigalian					Altonian					15.98
				Burdigalian					Otaian					18.7
				Aquitanian					Otaian					20.44
				Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian					21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian					23.03
									Duntroonian					25.2
									Whaingaroan					27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
								Arnold	Runangan					34.6
									Kaiatan					36.7
				Bartonian					Kaiatan					37.71
				Bartonian					Bortonian					39.1
				Lutetian					Bortonian					41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
									Heretaungan					45.7
				Ypresian					Heretaungan					47.8
									Mangaorapan					48.9
									Waipawan					52
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian					56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian					66
				Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				Haumurian					72.1
				Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				Piripauan					83.6
				Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
				Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
									Mangaotanean					90.5
									Arowhanan					93.7
				Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				Arowhanan					93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
									Motuan					99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian				Motuan					100.5
					Late Albian				Urutawan					103.3
					Middle Albian				Urutawan					106.2 *
					Middle Albian			Taitai	Korangan					108.4
					Early Albian									109.9 *
				Aptian	Late Aptian									113
					Late Aptian									117.5
					Early Aptian									119.5 *
Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
Berriasian				Late Berriasian	139.8
				Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
				Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
			Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
			Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
			Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
			Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian	Late Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras	168.2
				Late Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
				Early Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.6 *
			Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
							Planulata	179.3 *
								Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
				Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
							Kanense			181.3 *
							Carlottense			182.3 *
				Early Toarcian			Carlottense			182.9 *
				Early Toarcian			Kunae			183.5 *
			Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Kunae			184.2
							Freboldi			185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis	190.3 *
			Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian							192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras			196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
			Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
			Norian	Sevatian							208.5
				Alaunian							213.2 *
				Lacian							216.7 *
			Carnian	Tuvalian							227
			Carnian	Julian							233.4 *
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian							237
			Ladinian	Fassanian							239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian							242
				Pelsonian							243.8 *
	Bithynian			244.7 *
	Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian	251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian								Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian									264.28
			Roadian									266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
			Artinskian								Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian									290.1
			Asselian									293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
			Kasimovian									303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			Rawtheyan			445.2
						Cautleyan			448.9 *
						Pusgillian			449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †			449.6 *
						Cheneyan						451.5 *
						Burrellian						452.7 *
			Sandbian									453
									Actonian †			453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †				455.2 *
						Aurelucian			Longvillian †				456.8 *
						Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
			Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
			Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
			Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian	470
						Whitlandian	471.1 *
						Moridunian	474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
					Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
							485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
		Tonian					Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau	1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
														1400