PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Devonian Subages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Pamirs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian											Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Gashatan			56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras										168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense										168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta										174.7
					Planulata										179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi								179.8 *
					Kanense										181.3 *
					Carlottense										182.3 *
					Kunae										183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae										184.2
					Freboldi										185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras									186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras									189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis									190.3 *
		Sinemurian													192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras								196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites										196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Dorashamian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †				Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian						Longtanian †				Dzhulfian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian										Midian	259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian										Midian	264.28
		Wordian		Urzhumian				Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian							266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian							270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				Kubergandian			273.01
				Filipovian				Kubergandian			276.5 *
				Filipovian				Bolorian			279.8
				Saraninian							280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian							283.5
				Irginian							285.9 *
				Irginian				Yakhtashian			286
				Burtsevian				Yakhtashian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				Sakmarian			290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian				Sakmarian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian				Asselian			293.52
				Uskalykian							294.8
				Surenian							297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian		358.9
									Middle Famennian		365.3 *
									Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian		372.2
									Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
									Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian		382.7
									Middle Givetian		383.7 *
									Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian							Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian							Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian							Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian							Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian							Late Lochkovian		410.8
									Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian										Rawtheyan	445.2
						Cautleyan						448.9 *
						Pusgillian						449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †				449.6 *
						Cheneyan					451.5 *
						Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
							Actonian †				453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †					455.2 *
						Aurelucian	Longvillian †					456.8 *
						Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian			Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian				470
						Whitlandian				471.1 *
						Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
					Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †		497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
															509