PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Russian Platform		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Precambrian of Russia	Permian of Western Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Yushean				2.58
				Zanclean								Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean								Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Tortonian								Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian								Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian								Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian								Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian								Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian								Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Vokhmian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan			Vokhmian									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
				Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				Zechstein					254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				Zechstein					256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian				Rotliegendes					259.51
				Wordian		Urzhumian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian									264.28
				Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian									266.9
				Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian									270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian										273.01
						Filipovian										276.5 *
						Saraninian										280.1 *
Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian		283.5
					Irginian			285.9 *
					Burtsevian			287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
					Uskalykian			294.8
					Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian								453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian					Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian			470
									Whitlandian			471.1 *
									Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
								Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
	Jiangshanian		489.5
	Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																1400