PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of Siberia			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras						168.2
		Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
		Aalenian						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
								Planulata						179.3 *
								Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
								Kanense						181.3 *
								Carlottense						182.3 *
								Kunae						183.5 *
		Pliensbachian						Kunae						184.2
								Freboldi						185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
		Sinemurian												192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
								Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian						Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian			251.902
		Wuchiapingian									Dzhulfian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian							Dzhulfian			256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian							Midian			259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian							Midian			264.28
		Wordian		Urzhumian							Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian										266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian										270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian							Kubergandian			273.01
				Filipovian							Kubergandian			276.5 *
				Filipovian							Bolorian			279.8
				Saraninian										280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian										283.5
				Irginian										285.9 *
				Irginian							Yakhtashian			286
				Burtsevian							Yakhtashian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian							Sakmarian			290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian							Sakmarian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian							Asselian			293.52
				Uskalykian										294.8
				Surenian										297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Kasimovian												303.7
		Moscovian												307
		Bashkirian												315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
		Visean												330.9
		Tournaisian												346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian												372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian												382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian												387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian												393.3
		Pragian												407.6
		Lochkovian												410.8
Silurian	Pridoli													419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
	Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian												427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
						Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †					449.6 *
						Cheneyan						451.5 *
						Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
							Actonian †					453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †					Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †						455.2 *
						Aurelucian	Longvillian †						456.8 *
						Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		467.3
		Dapingian			Arenig	Fennian		468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian		470
						Whitlandian		471.1 *
						Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian		477.7
						Cressagian		480.8 *
						Cressagian		Mansian †		483.55 *
								Mansian †		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian		Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian					489.5
								Aksaian					490.7 *
								Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian											494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian					497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian						Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan						Amgan/Solvan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Amgan/Solvan					509
								Toyonian		Lenian †			510 *
								Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian					514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian					521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian						Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †			529
														538.8