PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of West Avalonia	South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Lujanian			0.0117
		Chibanian								Lujanian			0.129
		Chibanian								Ensenadan			0.3 *
		Calabrian								Ensenadan			0.774
		Calabrian								Sanandresian	Uquian †		1.7 *
		Gelasian								Sanandresian			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Vorohuean			2.58
		Piacenzian								Chapadmalalan			2.9 *
		Zanclean								Chapadmalalan			3.6
										Montehermosan			3.7 *
										Huayquerian			4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
										Chasicoan			7.9 *
										Mayoan			9.9 *
										Laventan			10.9 *
		Serravallian								Laventan			11.63
		Serravallian								Colloncuran			13.7 *
		Langhian								Colloncuran			13.82
		Langhian								Friasian			15.4 *
		Burdigalian								Friasian			15.98
										Santacrucian			16.2 *
										Colhuehuapian			17.4 *
		Aquitanian								Colhuehuapian			20.44
		Aquitanian								Deseadan			20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
		Rupelian								Tinguirirican			28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian								Tinguirirican			33.9
		Priabonian								Divisaderan			35.9 *
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Lutetian								Mustersan			41.9 *
		Ypresian								Mustersan			47.8
		Ypresian								Casamayoran			47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Riochican			56
										Itaboraian			56.9 *
										Peligran			58.9 *
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
		Danian								Tiupampan			62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan							150
						Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian		Warepan	208.5
				Otamitan	217
				Oretian	221
		Carnian		Oretian	227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian		Etalian	238
		Anisian		Etalian	242
		Anisian		Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Melekhovian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		254.14
				Puruhauan		254.2
				Puruhauan		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian	Aparima			Flettian	259.51
		Wordian	Urzhumian					264.28
					Noginskian			264.9 *
							Barettian	266
		Roadian	Kazanian			Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian			Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
						Irenian/Ufimian	Mangapirian	276
						Filipovian		276.5 *
					Pavlovoposadian	Filipovian		276.8 *
						Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian			Sarginian		283.5
						Sarginian	Telfordian	285
						Irginian		285.9 *
					Rusavkinian	Irginian		287.6 *
						Burtsevian		287.8 *
						Burtsevian		288.5
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian			Shikhanian		293.52
						Uskalykian		294.8
						Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian			303.7
					Khamovnikian			304.8
					Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian			307
					Podolskian			308.9 *
					Kashirian			311.4 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian			315.2
					Cheremshanian			316.9 *
					Prikamian			318.6 *
					Severokeltmian			319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
					Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian			323.2
					Protvian			324.4 *
					Steshevian			326.8 *
					Tarusian			329 *
		Visean			Venevian			330.9
					Mikhailovian			331.9 *
					Aleksinian			333.7 *
					Tulian			335.8 *
					Bobrikian			339.9 *
					Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian			346.7
					Kizelian			350.7 *
					Cherepetian			351.9 *
					Karakubian			354.4 *
					Upinian			356.3 *
					Malevkian			357.6 *
					Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
				Aurelucian			456.8 *			Longvillian †
				Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig			Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470				Fennian
			Whitlandian			471.1 *
			Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian		477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian		480.8 *
						485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10				Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Iverian	489.5
		Paibian				Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan	497
						Mindyallan	Arcadian			498.4
						Boomerangian				499
		Drumian				Undillan				500.5
		Drumian				Floran				503
		Wuliuan				Templetonian				504.5
		Wuliuan				Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian	Branchian			509
		Stage 4								510.8 *
		Stage 3								514
		Stage 3					Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
													538.8