PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of North America						Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Yushean				2.58
		Zanclean										Yushean				3.6
		Zanclean										Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian										Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian										Tunggurian				11.63
		Langhian										Shanwangian				13.82
		Burdigalian										Shanwangian				15.98
		Burdigalian										Xiejiaan				16.9
		Aquitanian										Xiejiaan				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian													254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian													259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian													264.28
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian														283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian														293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
					Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian					450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
							Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
								Actonian †		453.2 *
					Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
								Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †			455.2 *
							Aurelucian				456.8 *
				Whiterockian					Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
						Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
					Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Blackhillsian		Whitlandian						471.1 *
					Tulean		Whitlandian						473.9 *
							Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
					Stairsian		Migneintian						480.3 *
					Stairsian		Cressagian						480.8 *
					Skullrockian		Cressagian					Demingian †	482 *
												Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					485.4
		Stage 10		Sunwaptan											487.5
		Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan											489.5
		Jiangshanian		Steptoean											493 *
		Paibian		Steptoean											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian	Albertian †					497
		Drumian	Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan						504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran	Waucoban †					509
		Stage 4	Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran						514
			Montezuman						514.8 *
			Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
																538.8