PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127252 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian						2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian						3
		Zanclean					Waipipian						3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan						7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan						11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian						13.82
							Clifdenian						15.1
						Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian						15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian						23.03
							Duntroonian						25.2
							Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
						Arnold	Runangan						34.6
							Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian						41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
							Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan						47.8
							Mangaorapan						48.9
							Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian						56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian					Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
							Mangaotanean						90.5
							Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan						93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
							Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan						100.5
							Urutawan						103.3
						Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian					Korangan						113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Planulata	179.3 *
				Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense		181.3 *
				Carlottense		182.3 *
				Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
				Freboldi		185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras		189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis		190.3 *
		Sinemurian						192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras			196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian						Leine	264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
		Asselian							Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Kuzel	298.9
									Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B	300.9 *
										Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian								Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian								Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian								Cantabrian	307
									Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Westphalian C	309.8
										Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian								Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
									Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
										Marsdenian	320.2 *
										Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
										Alportian	322 *
										Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Chokierian	323.2
										Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian			327.4 *
		Visean					Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
							Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian					Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian				353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill			Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan				451.5 *
						Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian		453
				Actonian †	453.2 *
				Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †					454.2 *
				Longvillian †						455.2 *
				Longvillian †		Aurelucian				456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aurelucian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig		Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian				470
						Whitlandian		471.1 *
						Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc		Migneintian		477.7
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc		Cressagian		480.8 *
													485 *