PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian Subages of Germany	Silurian Ages of Europe	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
				Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian						Bumbanian					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Gashatan						56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein						Dorashamian				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein						Dzhulfian				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller						Midian				259.51
				Wordian	Leine						Midian				264.28
				Wordian	Leine						Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian							Murgabian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kubergandian				273.01
				Kungurian							Bolorian				279.8
				Artinskian							Bolorian				283.5
				Artinskian							Yakhtashian				286
				Sakmarian							Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian							Asselian				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
				Kasimovian											303.7
				Moscovian											307
				Bashkirian											315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
				Visean											330.9
				Tournaisian											346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian											387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian											393.3
				Pragian											407.6
Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian		427.4
			Homerian	Whitwellian		429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian						453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian			Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian			470
							Whitlandian			471.1 *
							Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
						Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Wonokan †							Vendian †	571.7 *
															635