PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of Western Europe	Cenozoic Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene		Lujanian			0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene		Lujanian			0.129
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene		Ensenadan			0.3 *
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene		Ensenadan			0.774
		Calabrian									Sanandresian	Uquian †		1.7 *
		Gelasian									Sanandresian			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene		Vorohuean			2.58
		Piacenzian							Late Pliocene		Chapadmalalan			2.9 *
		Zanclean							Early Pliocene		Chapadmalalan			3.6
											Montehermosan			3.7 *
											Huayquerian			4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian								Pannonian				7.246
											Chasicoan			7.9 *
											Mayoan			9.9 *
											Laventan			10.9 *
		Serravallian							Middle Miocene	Sarmatian				11.63
										Badenian				12.8 *
										Badenian	Colloncuran			13.7 *
		Langhian									Colloncuran			13.82
		Langhian									Friasian			15.4 *
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene		Friasian			15.98
											Santacrucian			16.2 *
											Colhuehuapian			17.4 *
		Aquitanian									Colhuehuapian			20.44
		Aquitanian									Deseadan			20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene					23.03
		Rupelian							Early Oligocene					27.82
		Rupelian							Early Oligocene		Tinguirirican			28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene		Tinguirirican			33.9
		Priabonian							Late Eocene		Divisaderan			35.9 *
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Lutetian									Mustersan			41.9 *
		Ypresian							Early Eocene		Mustersan			47.8
		Ypresian							Early Eocene		Casamayoran			47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene		Riochican			56
											Itaboraian			56.9 *
											Peligran			58.9 *
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene					61.6
		Danian							Early Paleocene		Tiupampan			62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian	Leine		264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian				Pirgu		Rawtheyan		445.2
								Cautleyan		448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
						Rakvere		Cheneyan			451.5 *
						Oandu		Cheneyan			452 *
						Oandu		Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian				Keila				Idavere †	453
						Keila			Actonian †		453.2 *
						Haljala			Actonian †		453.9
									Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †			455.2 *
						Kukruse						456.4 *
								Aurelucian				456.8 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
						Uhaku			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
						Lasnamagi						458.9 *
						Aseri						460.4 *
						Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
					Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
						Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
						Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
							Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
						Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
										Latorp †			470.1 *
								Whitlandian					471.1 *
						Hunneberg		Whitlandian					473.7 *
								Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
								Cressagian					480.8 *
						Varangu							481.3 *
			Pakerort			482.2 *
								485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								486.3 *
														486.5