PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Australia	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
		Bartonian							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian								Bumbanian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Gashatan				56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein								Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein				Longtanian †				Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller								Midian		259.51
		Wordian	Leine								Midian		264.28
		Wordian	Leine								Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian									Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian									Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian									Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian									Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian									Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian									Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
		Kasimovian											303.7
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	358.9
				Middle Famennian	365.3 *
				Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian	372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian	383.7 *
				Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian	Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
					Eastonian			Cautleyan	449 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
					Gisbornian			Cheneyan		452 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †		454.2 *
									Longvillian †			455.2 *
								Aurelucian	Longvillian †			456.8 *
								Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian			Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian			Yapeenian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
					Yapeenian	Arenig		Fennian				468.4 *
					Castlemainian							468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian							470
					Chewtonian			Whitlandian				471.1 *
					Bendigonian		471.8 *
					Lancefieldian		473.5 *
							Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian	477.7
						Cressagian	480.8 *
					Warendian	Cressagian	482.8 *
					Warendian		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †			504.5
													509