PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Australia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian			Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian			Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian			Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
		Zanclean											3.6
		Zanclean			Hemphillian								4.7
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian			Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian			Clarendonian								11.63
		Serravallian			Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
					Hemingfordian								16.3
					Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
					Whitneyan								29.5
					Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian			Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian			Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian			Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian			Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian			Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian			Bridgerian								47.8
					Wasatchian								50.5
					Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian			Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian		251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Severodvinian			Midian	259.51
		Wordian	Leine	Urzhumian			Midian	264.28
		Wordian	Leine	Urzhumian			Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian		Kazanian		Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian		Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	Kubergandian	273.01
						Filipovian	Kubergandian	276.5 *
						Filipovian	Bolorian	279.8
						Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian		Sarginian		283.5
						Irginian		285.9 *
						Irginian	Yakhtashian	286
						Burtsevian	Yakhtashian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian		Tastubian	Sakmarian	291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian		Shikhanian	Asselian	293.52
						Uskalykian		294.8
						Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
					Eastonian				Cautleyan	449 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
					Gisbornian				Cheneyan		452 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian			Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian			Yapeenian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
					Yapeenian			Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
					Castlemainian							468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian							470
					Chewtonian				Whitlandian			471.1 *
					Bendigonian							471.8 *
					Lancefieldian							473.5 *
									Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian						Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
									Cressagian			480.8 *
			Warendian		482.8 *				Cressagian
			Warendian						485 *
													485.4