PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian						2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian						3
		Zanclean					Waipipian						3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan						7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan						11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian						13.82
							Clifdenian						15.1
						Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian						15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian						23.03
							Duntroonian						25.2
							Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
						Arnold	Runangan						34.6
							Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian						41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
							Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan						47.8
							Mangaorapan						48.9
							Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian						56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian					Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
							Mangaotanean						90.5
							Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan						93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
							Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan						100.5
							Urutawan						103.3
						Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian					Korangan						113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian			Humphresianum	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense		168.4
		Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta		174.7
						Planulata		179.3 *
								Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
									180.1
						Kanense			181.3 *
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Kanense			182
						Carlottense			182.3 *
						Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Kunae			184.2
						Freboldi			185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras		196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian								Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian								Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian								Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian								Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian								Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian								Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian								Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian								Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian								Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian									300.1
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill				Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan				445.2
							Cautleyan				448.9 *
							Pusgillian				449.3 *
			Caradoc				Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan					451.5 *
							Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
					Actonian †						453.2 *
					Marshbrookian †						Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †							455.2 *
					Longvillian †		Aurelucian					456.8 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aurelucian					457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig		Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian							470
					Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Cressagian				480.8 *
													485 *