PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of China	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of China		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras					168.2
				Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
				Aalenian						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
										Planulata					179.3 *
										Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
										Kanense					181.3 *
										Carlottense					182.3 *
										Kunae					183.5 *
				Pliensbachian						Kunae					184.2
										Freboldi					185.1 *
										Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
											Tetraspidoceras				189.2 *
										Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
				Sinemurian											192.9
										Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
										Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
				Hettangian						Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian										251.902
				Changhsingian	Baoqingian										253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian										254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Laibinian										257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan										259.51
				Wordian	Kuhfengian										264.28
				Roadian	Kuhfengian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian										273.01
				Artinskian	Luodianian										283.5
				Artinskian	Longlinian										285.4 *
				Sakmarian	Longlinian										290.1
				Asselian	Zisongian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian		Late Pennsylvanian								298.9
				Gzhelian											300.1
				Kasimovian											303.7
				Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian								307
				Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian								315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian								323.2
				Visean			Middle Mississippian								330.9
				Tournaisian			Early Mississippian								346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian											387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian											393.3
				Pragian											407.6
				Lochkovian											410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
			Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
				Aeronian											438.5
				Rhuddanian											440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
				Katian										Rawtheyan	445.2
														Cautleyan	448.9 *
														Pusgillian	449.3 *
Caradoc						Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan			451.5 *
						Burrellian			452.7 *
				Sandbian					453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †				454.2 *
								Longvillian †					455.2 *
						Aurelucian		Longvillian †					456.8 *
						Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
Middle Ordovician			Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
			Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
			Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							467.3
			Dapingian	Arenig		Fennian							468.4 *
Early Ordovician			Floian			Fennian							470
						Whitlandian							471.1 *
						Moridunian							474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian					477.7
				Tremadoc		Cressagian					480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian							Paibian		494
			Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian							Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
	Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian								509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian								530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian										Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau		1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan							1375
															1400