PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of China	Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of North America					Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †													2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Serravallian																11.63
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian													Dorashamian		251.902
				Changhsingian	Baoqingian													Dorashamian		253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian			Longtanian †										Dzhulfian		254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Laibinian			Longtanian †										Dzhulfian		257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan													Midian		259.51
				Wordian	Kuhfengian													Midian		264.28
				Wordian														Murgabian		266.2 *
				Roadian														Murgabian		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian													Kubergandian		273.01
				Kungurian														Bolorian		279.8
				Artinskian																283.5
					Longlinian															285.4 *
																		Yakhtashian		286
				Sakmarian														Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian	Zisongian													Asselian		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian															298.9
				Gzhelian																300.1
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian			Gamachian			Rawtheyan	445.2
						Richmondian			Rawtheyan	446 *
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian						450.4 *
				Mohawkian		Chatfieldian						451.1 *
									Cheneyan			451.5 *
									Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian									453
										Actonian †		453.2 *
						Turinian				Actonian †		453.7 *
										Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †			455.2 *
									Aurelucian				456.8 *
				Whiterockian							Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
			Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
							Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
						Rangerian								469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian		Blackhillsian							Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
						Blackhillsian			Whitlandian						471.1 *
	Tulean					473.9 *			Whitlandian
						Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian		477.7
	Stairsian						Migneintian		480.3 *
	Stairsian						Cressagian	480.8 *
	Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
									Mansian †					483.55 *
									Mansian †					485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian					485.4
			Stage 10													487.5
			Jiangshanian													489.5
								Aksaian								490.7 *
								Sakian								492.2 *
			Paibian													494
			Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian								497
			Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian				499.5
			Drumian		Mayan/Menevian				500.5
			Wuliuan		Stage 5 †				Amgan/Solvan								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Amgan/Solvan								509
									Toyonian		Lenian †						510 *
									Botomian								512.5 *
			Stage 3						Botomian								514
			Stage 3						Atdabanian								515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian								521
			Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
			Fortunian						Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †						529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian		538.8
			Cryogenian																635
			Tonian																720
			Tonian														Karatau		800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau		1000
			Stenian														Yurmatian		1100
			Ectasian														Yurmatian		1200
			Ectasian														Burzyan		1375
																				1400