PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of China	Devonian Subages	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran				0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian						Castlecliffian				0.34
				Calabrian						Castlecliffian				0.774
				Calabrian						Nukumaruan				1.63
				Gelasian						Nukumaruan				1.8
				Gelasian						Mangapanian				2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian				2.58
				Piacenzian						Waipipian				3
				Zanclean						Waipipian				3.6
				Zanclean						Opoitian				3.7
			Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
				Messinian						Tongaporutuan				7.2
				Tortonian						Tongaporutuan				7.246
				Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan				11.04
				Serravallian						Waiauan				11.63
				Serravallian						Lillburnian				13.05
				Langhian						Lillburnian				13.82
										Clifdenian				15.1
									Pareora	Altonian				15.9
				Burdigalian						Altonian				15.98
				Burdigalian						Otaian				18.7
				Aquitanian						Otaian				20.44
				Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian				21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian				23.03
										Duntroonian				25.2
										Whaingaroan				27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
									Arnold	Runangan				34.6
										Kaiatan				36.7
				Bartonian						Kaiatan				37.71
				Bartonian						Bortonian				39.1
				Lutetian						Bortonian				41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
										Heretaungan				45.7
				Ypresian						Heretaungan				47.8
										Mangaorapan				48.9
										Waipawan				52
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian				56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian				66
				Campanian						Haumurian				72.1
				Santonian						Piripauan				83.6
				Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
										Mangaotanean				90.5
										Arowhanan				93.7
				Cenomanian						Arowhanan				93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
										Motuan				99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan				100.5
										Urutawan				103.3
									Taitai	Korangan				108.4
				Aptian						Korangan				113
				Aptian										117.5
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
			Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
			Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
					Planulata	179.3 *
					Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
					Kanense		181.3 *
					Carlottense		182.3 *
					Kunae		183.5 *
			Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
					Freboldi		185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
			Sinemurian					192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
			Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian	251.902
			Changhsingian					Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian	254.14
								Laoshanian	Tatarian		Vyatkian	256.8 *
								Laibinian			Vyatkian	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan			Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian					Kuhfengian			Urzhumian	264.28
			Roadian						Kazanian		Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian						Kazanian		Sokian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Luodianian	Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
											Filipovian	276.5 *
											Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian						Artinskian		Sarginian	283.5
								Longlinian			Sarginian	285.4 *
											Irginian	285.9 *
											Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian						Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian						Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian					Zisongian	Asselian		Shikhanian	293.52
											Uskalykian	294.8
											Surenian	297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
			Gzhelian									300.1
			Kasimovian									303.7
			Moscovian									307
			Bashkirian									315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
			Visean									330.9
			Tournaisian									346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian		358.9
										Middle Famennian		365.3 *
										Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian							Late Frasnian		372.2
										Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
				Early Frasnian						379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian						382.7
				Middle Givetian						383.7 *
				Early Givetian						385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian						387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian						390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian						393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian						398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian						410.8
				Middle Lochkovian						412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian						415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan					445.2
							Cautleyan					448.9 *
					Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †			449.6 *
						Cheneyan				451.5 *
						Burrellian				452.7 *
			Sandbian							453
							Actonian †			453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †		454.2 *
Longvillian †							455.2 *
Longvillian †						Aurelucian	456.8 *
Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						Aurelucian				457.4 *
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
Early Ordovician		Floian			Fennian					470
					Whitlandian					471.1 *
					Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian					477.7
			Tremadoc		Cressagian					480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								1000
		Ectasian								1200
		Calymmian								1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian								1600
		Orosirian								1800
		Rhyacian								2050
		Siderian								2300
Archean	Neoarchean									2500
	Mesoarchean									2800
	Paleoarchean									3200
	Eoarchean									3600
Hadean										4000
														4600