PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of the Baltic				Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras												168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense												168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta												174.7
					Planulata												179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi										179.8 *
					Kanense												181.3 *
					Carlottense												182.3 *
					Kunae												183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae												184.2
					Freboldi												185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras											186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras											189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis											190.3 *
		Sinemurian															192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras										196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites												196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Dorashamian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Dzhulfian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian										Midian				259.51
		Wordian	Wordian										Midian				264.28
		Wordian	Wordian										Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian	Roadian										Murgabian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian									Kubergandian				273.01
				Cathedralian									Bolorian				279.8
				Hessian													281.9 *
		Artinskian															283.5
													Yakhtashian				286
			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian									Yakhtashian				286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Lenoxian									Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian		Nealian								Bursumian †	Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										Virgilian					298.9
		Kasimovian										Missourian					303.7
		Kasimovian										Desmoinesian					305.9 *
		Moscovian										Desmoinesian					307
		Moscovian										Atokan					312.7 *
		Bashkirian										Atokan					315.2
		Bashkirian										Morrowan					318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										Chesterian					323.2
		Visean										Chesterian					330.9
												Meramecian					335.8 *
												Osagean					343.1 *
		Tournaisian										Osagean					346.7
		Tournaisian										Kinderhookian					351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian															358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian															372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian															382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian															387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian															393.3
		Pragian															407.6
		Lochkovian															410.8
Silurian	Pridoli																419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian															423
	Ludlow	Gorstian															425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian															427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian															430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian							Pirgu		Rawtheyan			445.2
											Cautleyan			448.9 *
											Pusgillian			449.3 *
									Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
									Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere							450.6 *
									Rakvere		Cheneyan					451.5 *
									Oandu		Cheneyan					452 *
									Oandu		Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian							Keila						Idavere †	453
									Keila					Actonian †		453.2 *
									Haljala					Actonian †		453.9
						Marshbrookian †								Woolstonian †		454.2 *
						Longvillian †										455.2 *
					Kukruse		456.4 *
							Aurelucian		456.8 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
					Uhaku	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
					Lasnamagi									458.9 *
					Aseri									460.4 *
					Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
					Oeland			Kunda						462.9 *
								Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
								Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian													467.3
						Arenig	Fennian								468.4 *
								Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
											Latorp †				470.1 *
							Whitlandian								471.1 *
							Whitlandian	Hunneberg							473.7 *
							Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian								477.7
							Cressagian								480.8 *
			Varangu	481.3 *
			Pakerort	482.2 *
							485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						486.3 *
																	486.5