PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Mesozoic Subages		Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian									100.5
					Middle Albian									106.2 *
					Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian			Late Aptian									113
		Aptian			Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian									139.8
					Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
					Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian									168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian									168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian									174.7
					Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
					Early Toarcian									182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian			Sevatian									208.5
					Alaunian									213.2 *
					Lacian									216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian									227
		Carnian			Julian									233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian									237
		Ladinian			Fassanian									239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian									242
					Pelsonian									243.8 *
					Bithynian									244.7 *
					Aegean									245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian									247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian									248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian									251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian									251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian						Midian					259.51
		Wordian	Wordian						Midian					264.28
		Wordian	Wordian						Murgabian					266.2 *
		Roadian	Roadian						Murgabian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian					Kubergandian					273.01
				Cathedralian					Bolorian					279.8
				Hessian										281.9 *
		Artinskian												283.5
									Yakhtashian					286
			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					Yakhtashian					286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Lenoxian					Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian		Nealian				Bursumian †	Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian					Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian					Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian					Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian					Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian					Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian					Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian		323.2
		Visean					Chesterian		330.9
							Meramecian		335.8 *
							Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian					Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian					Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian			393.3
		Pragian					Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill				Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc				Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian				Arenig				Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian			470
										Whitlandian			471.1 *
										Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc				Migneintian			477.7
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc				Cressagian			480.8 *
														485 *