PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127682 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Ordovician of North America						Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian																		0.129
				Calabrian																		0.774
				Gelasian																		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	Yushean	2.58
				Zanclean																	Yushean	3.6
				Zanclean																	Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
				Tortonian																	Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian																	Tunggurian	11.63
				Langhian																	Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian																	Shanwangian	15.98
				Burdigalian																	Xiejiaan	16.9
				Aquitanian																	Xiejiaan	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
				Bartonian											Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Ypresian												Bumbanian						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Gashatan							56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Pliensbachian																		184.2
				Sinemurian																		192.9
				Hettangian																		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
				Norian																		208.5
				Carnian																		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Buntsandstein					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Buntsandstein					254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian												Ohre/Aller					259.51
				Wordian	Wordian												Leine					264.28
				Roadian	Roadian																	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian																273.01
				Kungurian		Hessian																281.9 *
				Artinskian		Hessian																283.5
				Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian																286.1 *
				Sakmarian		Lenoxian																290.1
Asselian				Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian				Gamachian	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
							Richmondian				Rawtheyan	446 *
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Berounian					449.7 *
							Maysvillian						Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian							450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian							451.1 *
											Cheneyan			451.5 *
											Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian											453
												Actonian †		453.2 *
							Turinian					Actonian †		453.7 *
												Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †			455.2 *
															Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †		456.2 *
											Aurelucian							456.8 *
						Whiterockian							Canadian †					Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian							457.4 *
										Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian							458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
								Dobrotivian											458.5 *
								Oretanian											459.7 *
											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								461.3 *
										Sarka †									461.7 *
			Dapingian							Klabava †									467.3
								Arenigian											468
									Arenig		Fennian								468.4 *
							Rangerian												469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †											Cassinian †	470
						Blackhillsian					Whitlandian								471.1 *
						Tulean					Whitlandian								473.9 *
											Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian						Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
						Stairsian					Migneintian						480.3 *
						Stairsian					Cressagian						480.8 *
						Skullrockian					Cressagian						Demingian †	482 *
																	Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10																485.4
		Stage 10																487.5
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																						635