PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127660 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran					0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian								0.129
				Chibanian			Castlecliffian					0.34
				Calabrian			Castlecliffian					0.774
				Calabrian			Nukumaruan					1.63
				Gelasian			Nukumaruan					1.8
				Gelasian			Mangapanian					2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian					2.58
				Piacenzian			Waipipian					3
				Zanclean			Waipipian					3.6
				Zanclean			Opoitian					3.7
			Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
				Messinian			Tongaporutuan					7.2
				Tortonian			Tongaporutuan					7.246
				Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan					11.04
				Serravallian			Waiauan					11.63
				Serravallian			Lillburnian					13.05
				Langhian			Lillburnian					13.82
							Clifdenian					15.1
						Pareora	Altonian					15.9
				Burdigalian			Altonian					15.98
				Burdigalian			Otaian					18.7
				Aquitanian			Otaian					20.44
				Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian					21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian					23.03
							Duntroonian					25.2
							Whaingaroan					27.3
				Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
						Arnold	Runangan					34.6
							Kaiatan					36.7
				Bartonian			Kaiatan					37.71
				Bartonian			Bortonian					39.1
				Lutetian			Bortonian					41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
							Heretaungan					45.7
				Ypresian			Heretaungan					47.8
							Mangaorapan					48.9
							Waipawan					52
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian					56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian					66
				Campanian			Haumurian					72.1
				Santonian			Piripauan					83.6
				Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
							Mangaotanean					90.5
							Arowhanan					93.7
				Cenomanian			Arowhanan					93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
							Motuan					99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan					100.5
							Urutawan					103.3
						Taitai	Korangan					108.4
				Aptian			Korangan					113
				Aptian								117.5
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan		145
			Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan		150
						Heterian		154.5
			Oxfordian					154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
			Callovian			Temaikan		164.3
			Bathonian					165.3
			Bajocian					168.2
			Aalenian					170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
			Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan		176
			Pliensbachian			Ururoan		184.2
			Pliensbachian			Aratauran		188.9
			Sinemurian					192.9
			Hettangian					199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
			Norian			Warepan		208.5
						Otamitan		217
						Oretian		221
			Carnian			Oretian		227
			Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan		237
			Ladinian			Etalian		238
			Anisian			Etalian		242
			Anisian			Malakovian		246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian		247.2
			Olenekian			Nelsonian		249
			Induan			Nelsonian		251.2
			Induan		DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan		Melekhovian	Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian			Waiitian			Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian			Waiitian			Dzhulfian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan			Dzhulfian	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian			Midian	259.51
			Wordian							264.28
								Noginskian		264.9 *
						Barettian				266
									Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian						Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian	273.01
						Mangapirian				276
								Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
									Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian							283.5
						Telfordian				285
									Yakhtashian	286
								Rusavkinian		287.6 *
										288.5
			Sakmarian						Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian						Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian		303.7
								Khamovnikian		304.8
								Krevyakinian		305.8 *
			Moscovian					Myachkovian		307
								Podolskian		308.9 *
								Kashirian		311.4 *
								Vereian		313.8
							Melekessian	314.8
			Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
							Severokeltmian	319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
				Voznesenian			321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian			323.2
				Protvian			324.4 *
				Steshevian			326.8 *
				Tarusian			329 *
			Visean	Venevian			330.9
				Mikhailovian			331.9 *
				Aleksinian			333.7 *
				Tulian			335.8 *
				Bobrikian			339.9 *
				Radaevkian			343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian			346.7
				Kizelian			350.7 *
				Cherepetian			351.9 *
				Karakubian			354.4 *
				Upinian			356.3 *
				Malevkian			357.6 *
				Gumerovian			358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
Sheinwoodian		Wenlock	430.5
Llandovery		Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill				Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
			Caradoc				Streffordian	Onnian †		449.6 *
							Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
								Actonian †		453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †			455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †			456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig		Fennian	468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian	470
					Whitlandian	471.1 *
					Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian	477.7
			Tremadoc		Cressagian	480.8 *
						485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				509
	Series 2	Stage 3				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							1000
		Ectasian							1200
		Calymmian							1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian							1600
		Orosirian							1800
		Rhyacian							2050
		Siderian							2300
Archean	Neoarchean								2500
	Mesoarchean								2800
	Paleoarchean								3200
	Eoarchean								3600
Hadean									4000
												4600