PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of China		Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian						2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian						3
		Zanclean				Waipipian						3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan						7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan						11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian						13.82
						Clifdenian						15.1
					Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian						15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian						23.03
						Duntroonian						25.2
						Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
					Arnold	Runangan						34.6
						Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian						41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
						Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan						47.8
						Mangaorapan						48.9
						Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian						56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian				Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
						Mangaotanean						90.5
						Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan						93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
						Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan						100.5
						Urutawan						103.3
					Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian				Korangan						113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Planulata	179.3 *
				Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
				Kanense			181.3 *
				Carlottense			182.3 *
				Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae			184.2
				Freboldi			185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian						192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras			196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
		Asselian						Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Kuzel	298.9
								Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian							Cantabrian	307
								Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
								Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian			327.4 *
		Visean				Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
						Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian				Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill			Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian		453
				Actonian †	453.2 *
				Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †				454.2 *
				Longvillian †					455.2 *
				Longvillian †			Aurelucian		456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig		Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian			470
						Whitlandian			471.1 *
						Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc		Migneintian			477.7
				Tremadoc		Cressagian			480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian							Paibian		494
		Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian							Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3							Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian							Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian		530.7
												538.8