PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of Western Europe		North American Land Mammal Ages	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of China		Ammonite Chrons of North America		Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean								0
				Meghalayan			Santarosean								0.0004
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean								0.014
				Chibanian			Rancholabrean								0.129
				Chibanian			Irvingtonian								0.21
				Calabrian			Irvingtonian								0.774
				Calabrian			Blancan								1.4
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
				Zanclean											3.6
				Zanclean			Hemphillian								4.7
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Tortonian			Clarendonian								9.4
				Serravallian			Clarendonian								11.63
				Serravallian			Barstovian								12.5
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
							Hemingfordian								16.3
							Arikareean								18.5
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
				Rupelian											27.82
							Whitneyan								29.5
							Orellan								31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian								33.9
				Priabonian			Duchesnean								37
				Bartonian			Duchesnean								37.71
				Bartonian			Uintan								39.7
				Lutetian			Uintan								41.2
				Lutetian			Bridgerian								46.2
				Ypresian			Bridgerian								47.8
							Wasatchian								50.5
							Clarkforkian								54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian								56
				Thanetian			Tiffanian								56.2
				Selandian			Tiffanian								59.2
				Selandian			Torrejonian								60.9
				Danian			Torrejonian								61.6
				Danian			Puercan								63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian								Epizigzagiceras			168.2
				Bajocian								Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.4
				Aalenian								Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			174.7
Planulata					179.3 *
Planulata					Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
Kanense						181.3 *
Carlottense						182.3 *
Kunae						183.5 *
Kunae				Pliensbachian		184.2
Freboldi						185.1 *
Whiteavesi/Imlayi						Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras		189.2 *
Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras						Canadensis		190.3 *
				Sinemurian				192.9
Pseudaetomoceras					Psiloceras			196.4 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites				Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
			Asselian					Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
								Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B	300.9 *
										Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
			Kasimovian							Cantabrian	305 *
			Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
								Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Westphalian C	309.8
										Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
								Marsdenian		320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
								Alportian		322 *
								Chokierian		323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	Late Mississippian	323.2
								Arnsbergian		324 *
								Pendleian		327.4 *
			Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
							Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
							Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
			Tournaisian				Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
			Tournaisian				Hastarian		Early Mississippian	353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan					451.5 *
						Burrellian					452.7 *
			Sandbian	453
				Actonian †	453.2 *
				Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †						454.2 *
				Longvillian †							455.2 *
				Longvillian †		Aurelucian					456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aurelucian					457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Darriwilian			461.3 *
Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Dapingian			467.3
Arenig			Dapingian	Fennian		468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Fennian		470
				Whitlandian		471.1 *
				Moridunian		474.3 *
Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian		477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian		480.8 *
						485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean					Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian				Paibian						494
		Paibian				Paibian					Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian					Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian				Drumian					Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian						509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian						530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400