PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Permian of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of North America						Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Yushean				2.58
		Zanclean											Yushean				3.6
		Zanclean											Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Tortonian											Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian											Tunggurian				11.63
		Langhian											Shanwangian				13.82
		Burdigalian											Shanwangian				15.98
		Burdigalian											Xiejiaan				16.9
		Aquitanian											Xiejiaan				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian													251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian													253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian													254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian													257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan													259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian													264.28
		Roadian		Kuhfengian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian													273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian													283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian													285.4 *
		Sakmarian	290.1	Longlinian
		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
					Xiaodushanian	300 *
						300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian	Late Mississippian	330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Visean		Jiusian	Middle Mississippian	335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
								Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian					450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
										Cheneyan			451.5 *
										Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
											Actonian †		453.2 *
								Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
											Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †			455.2 *
										Aurelucian				456.8 *
							Whiterockian					Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
									Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
								Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
								Blackhillsian		Whitlandian						471.1 *
								Tulean		Whitlandian						473.9 *
										Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian							Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
								Stairsian		Migneintian						480.3 *
								Stairsian		Cressagian						480.8 *
								Skullrockian		Cressagian					Demingian †	482 *
															Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														485.4
																	487.5