PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Devonian of Germany	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian								3
		Zanclean				Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan								11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian								13.82
						Clifdenian								15.1
					Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian								23.03
						Duntroonian								25.2
						Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
					Arnold	Runangan								34.6
						Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian								41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
						Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan								47.8
						Mangaorapan								48.9
						Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian								56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian				Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
						Mangaotanean								90.5
						Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan								93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
						Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan								100.5
						Urutawan								103.3
					Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian				Korangan								113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	Epizigzagiceras		168.2
		Bajocian			Humphresianum		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
							Planulata	179.3 *
								Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
									180.1
							Kanense		181.3 *
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			Kanense		182
							Carlottense		182.3 *
							Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			Kunae		184.2
							Freboldi		185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Gzhelian								Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian								Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian								Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
										Huashibanian	318.5 *
										Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian								Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean								Shangsian	330.9
		Visean								Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian								Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen					407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill								Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
			Caradoc								Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
					Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian						Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Aurelucian						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig		Fennian								468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian								470
					Whitlandian				471.1 *
					Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
														485 *