PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	South American Land Mammal Ages		Devonian of Germany	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Lujanian								0.0117
		Chibanian		Lujanian								0.129
		Chibanian		Ensenadan								0.3 *
		Calabrian		Ensenadan								0.774
		Calabrian		Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian		Sanandresian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Vorohuean								2.58
		Piacenzian		Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
		Zanclean		Chapadmalalan								3.6
				Montehermosan								3.7 *
				Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
				Chasicoan								7.9 *
				Mayoan								9.9 *
				Laventan								10.9 *
		Serravallian		Laventan								11.63
		Serravallian		Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian		Colloncuran								13.82
		Langhian		Friasian								15.4 *
		Burdigalian		Friasian								15.98
				Santacrucian								16.2 *
				Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
		Aquitanian		Colhuehuapian								20.44
		Aquitanian		Deseadan								20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
		Rupelian										27.82
		Rupelian		Tinguirirican								28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian		Tinguirirican								33.9
		Priabonian		Divisaderan								35.9 *
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Lutetian		Mustersan								41.9 *
		Ypresian		Mustersan								47.8
		Ypresian		Casamayoran								47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Riochican								56
				Itaboraian								56.9 *
				Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
		Danian		Tiupampan								62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian		259.51
		Wordian	Midian		264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian	Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian	Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian			427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian			429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian					Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian			470
								Whitlandian			471.1 *
								Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
		Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
												485 *