PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian		0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †			Late Pliocene							Yushean		2.58
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene							Yushean		3.6
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene							Baodean		4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian												Tunggurian		11.1
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene							Tunggurian		11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene							Shanwangian		13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene							Shanwangian		15.98
		Burdigalian												Xiejiaan		16.9
		Aquitanian												Xiejiaan		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene									33.9
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian					Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene									56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan							150
									Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian							Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian							Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian							Warepan							208.5
									Otamitan							217
									Oretian							221
		Carnian							Oretian							227
		Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian							Etalian							238
		Anisian							Etalian							242
		Anisian							Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian							247.2
		Olenekian							Nelsonian							249
		Induan	251.2						Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Longtanian †		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian				Flettian		264.28
		Wordian				Barettian		266
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian		283.5
						Telfordian		285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian						Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan			321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian			323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian			330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian			330.9
		Visean		Jiusian			335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Berounian			Streffordian		449.7 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Aurelucian					456.8 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
									Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
							Dobrotivian								458.5 *
							Oretanian								459.7 *
										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
									Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †						467.3
							Arenigian								468
								Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian					470
			Whitlandian							471.1 *
			Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
								Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †				504.5
																509