PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Eastern North America		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Devonian of France	Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian								0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean								2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean								3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian								11.1
		Serravallian				Tunggurian								11.63
		Langhian				Shanwangian								13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian								15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan								16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Midian					259.51
		Wordian							Midian					264.28
		Wordian							Murgabian					266.2 *
		Roadian							Murgabian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kubergandian					273.01
		Kungurian							Bolorian					279.8
		Artinskian							Bolorian					283.5
		Artinskian							Yakhtashian					286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian		298.9
		Gzhelian	Virgilian		Xiaodushanian		300 *
		Kasimovian	Missourian		Xiaodushanian		303.7
			Missourian		Dalaun		305.8 *
			Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian				307
		Moscovian	Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan				315.2
			Morrowan				318.4 *
					Huashibanian		318.5 *
					Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian		Dewunian		323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian		330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
					Jiusian	335 *
			Meramecian			335.8 *
			Osagean			343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean		Tangbagouan	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian		Tangbagouan	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian	Cazenovian		Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian			393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Pragian						Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian							Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian			470
										Whitlandian			471.1 *
										Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian							Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
		Tremadocian							Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
														485 *