PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of North America					Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Dorashamian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †										Dzhulfian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													Midian			259.51
		Wordian													Midian			264.28
		Wordian													Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian													Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													Kubergandian			273.01
		Kungurian													Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian													Bolorian			283.5
		Artinskian													Yakhtashian			286
		Sakmarian													Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †												Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian															298.9
		Kasimovian	Missourian															303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian															305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian															307
		Moscovian	Atokan															312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan			315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan			318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian			323.2
		Visean	Chesterian			330.9
			Meramecian			335.8 *
			Osagean			343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean			346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian			351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
						Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian					450.4 *
				Mohawkian		Chatfieldian					451.1 *
								Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
									Actonian †		453.2 *
						Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
									Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †			455.2 *
								Aurelucian				456.8 *
				Whiterockian						Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
							Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
						Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian		Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
						Blackhillsian		Whitlandian						471.1 *
					Tulean	473.9 *		Whitlandian
						Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
					Stairsian		Migneintian	480.3 *
					Stairsian		Cressagian	480.8 *
					Skullrockian			Demingian †					482 *
													Mansian †	483.55 *
													Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian		Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian				485.4
		Stage 10														487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
								Aksaian							490.7 *
								Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †		Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †						Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Amgan/Solvan	509
												Toyonian				Lenian †	510 *
												Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3										Botomian					514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian													515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian													521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian													525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian									Manykaian †				529
																		538.8