PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of France	North American Land Mammal Ages	Central Paratethys Stages	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean										0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean										0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean										0.014
		Chibanian		Rancholabrean										0.129
		Chibanian		Irvingtonian										0.21
		Calabrian		Irvingtonian										0.774
		Calabrian		Blancan										1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
		Zanclean												3.6
		Zanclean		Hemphillian										4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian			Pannonian									7.246
		Tortonian		Clarendonian	Pannonian									9.4
		Serravallian		Clarendonian	Sarmatian									11.63
				Barstovian	Sarmatian									12.5
					Badenian									12.8 *
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
				Hemingfordian										16.3
				Arikareean										18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
				Whitneyan										29.5
				Orellan										31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian										33.9
		Priabonian		Duchesnean										37
		Bartonian		Duchesnean										37.71
		Bartonian		Uintan										39.7
		Lutetian		Uintan										41.2
		Lutetian		Bridgerian										46.2
		Ypresian		Bridgerian										47.8
				Wasatchian										50.5
				Clarkforkian										54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian										56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian										56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian										59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian										60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian										61.6
		Danian		Puercan										63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian			251.902
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian			Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian				Midian	259.51
		Wordian	Urzhumian				Midian	264.28
		Wordian	Urzhumian				Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian	Kazanian			Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian			Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian	Kubergandian	273.01
						Filipovian	Kubergandian	276.5 *
					Bolorian	Filipovian	279.8
						Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian			Sarginian	283.5
						Irginian	285.9 *
					Yakhtashian	Irginian	286
					Yakhtashian	Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian		Tastubian	Sakmarian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian		Shikhanian	Asselian	293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
					Surenian		Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Kuzel	298.9
							Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian						Cantabrian	307
							Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian						Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
				Namurian			Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian			Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian			Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian				346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian				353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien					408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian							Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian			470
										Whitlandian			471.1 *
										Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian							Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
		Tremadocian							Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
														485 *