PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
		Zanclean												3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian								4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian				Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian				Clarendonian								11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
						Hemingfordian								16.3
						Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
						Whitneyan								29.5
						Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian								47.8
						Wasatchian								50.5
						Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian				Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Induan	251.2
		Induan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai	Dorashamian	251.902
					252.4 *
			Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Chhidru	Dzhulfian	254.14
			Kalabagh		255 *
			Wargal		256 *
					Tatarian		Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian			Midian	259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian				264.28
								265.3 *
			Amb					266.1 *
							Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		Kubergandian	273.01
					Filipovian		Kubergandian	276.5 *
					Filipovian		Bolorian	279.8
					Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
					Irginian			285.9 *
					Irginian		Yakhtashian	286
					Burtsevian		Yakhtashian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		Sakmarian	290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian		Sakmarian	291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian		Asselian	293.52
					Uskalykian			294.8
					Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian		393.3
		Pragian				Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian			470
									Whitlandian			471.1 *
									Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian						Ungurian	Tremadoc			Migneintian	477.7
									Tremadoc			Cressagian	480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian					485.4
		Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian					489.5
								Aksaian					490.7 *
								Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian						Sakian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian					497
		Guzhangian						499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian					500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian					503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian					504.5
		Wuliuan						505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4						509
			Toyonian					510 *
			Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian					514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian					521
														525.5