PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		South American Land Mammal Ages		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Pamirs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian					0.0117
		Chibanian				Lujanian					0.129
						Ensenadan					0.3 *
					Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian						0.774
					Nukumaruan						1.63
						Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian									1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Vorohuean					2.58
						Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
					Waipipian						3
		Zanclean			Waipipian						3.6
					Opoitian	Montehermosan					3.7 *
					Opoitian	Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
						Chasicoan					7.9 *
						Mayoan					9.9 *
						Laventan					10.9 *
				Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan						11.63
					Lillburnian						13.05
						Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian									13.82
					Clifdenian						15.1
					Clifdenian	Friasian					15.4 *
				Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian									15.98
						Santacrucian					16.2 *
						Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
					Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian									20.44
						Deseadan					20.9 *
				Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
					Duntroonian						25.2
					Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian						Kekeamuan			27.82
		Rupelian				Tinguirirican		Kekeamuan			28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
				Arnold	Runangan						34.6
					Runangan	Divisaderan					35.9 *
					Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian									41.2
						Mustersan					41.9 *
				Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
					Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian							Bumbanian		47.8
						Casamayoran					47.9 *
					Mangaorapan						48.9
					Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian	Riochican		Gashatan			56
						Itaboraian					56.9 *
						Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
		Danian				Tiupampan					62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
				Mangaotanean		90.5
				Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
				Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
				Urutawan		103.3
			Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian	259.51
		Wordian				Midian	264.28
		Wordian				Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian				Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian				Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
		Pragian					Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian		453
				Actonian †					453.2 *
				Marshbrookian †					Woolstonian †	454.2 *
				Longvillian †						455.2 *
				Longvillian †				Aurelucian		456.8 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					Aurelucian	457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig				Fennian		468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian		470
							Whitlandian		471.1 *
							Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc				Migneintian		477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc				Cressagian		480.8 *
											485 *