PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Devonian Subages	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of China		Ordovician of Britain
Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras									168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense									168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta									174.7
					Planulata									179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi							179.8 *
					Kanense									181.3 *
					Carlottense									182.3 *
					Kunae									183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae									184.2
					Freboldi									185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras								186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras								189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis								190.3 *
		Sinemurian												192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras							196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian						303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian						307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian						323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian						330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Late Famennian										358.9
				Middle Famennian										365.3 *
				Early Famennian										368.5 *
		Frasnian	Adorf	Late Frasnian										372.2
				Middle Frasnian										375.4 *
				Early Frasnian										379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Late Givetian										382.7
				Middle Givetian										383.7 *
				Early Givetian										385.9 *
		Eifelian	Eifelian	Late Eifelian										387.7
		Eifelian	Eifelian	Early Eifelian										390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	Late Emsian										393.3
		Emsian	Emsian	Early Emsian										398.3 *
		Pragian	Siegen	Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian										410.8
				Middle Lochkovian										412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian										415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli													419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
	Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian												427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian												430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian												433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian			Arenig	Fennian	468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian	470
						Whitlandian	471.1 *
						Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
					Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
							485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian					Paibian			494
		Paibian					Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian					Drumian		Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Duyunian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Nangaoian			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian					Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian			530.7
														538.8