PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of France	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		South American Land Mammal Ages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Lujanian						0.0117
		Chibanian					Lujanian						0.129
							Ensenadan						0.3 *
										Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian			0.774
										Nukumaruan			1.63
							Sanandresian	Uquian †					1.7 *
		Gelasian											1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Vorohuean						2.58
							Chapadmalalan						2.9 *
										Waipipian			3
		Zanclean								Waipipian			3.6
							Montehermosan			Opoitian			3.7 *
							Huayquerian			Opoitian			4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian											7.246
							Chasicoan						7.9 *
							Mayoan						9.9 *
							Laventan						10.9 *
									Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan			11.63
										Lillburnian			13.05
							Colloncuran						13.7 *
		Langhian											13.82
										Clifdenian			15.1
							Friasian			Clifdenian			15.4 *
									Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian											15.98
							Santacrucian						16.2 *
							Colhuehuapian						17.4 *
										Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian											20.44
							Deseadan						20.9 *
									Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				Waitakian			23.03
										Duntroonian			25.2
										Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian			Kekeamuan								27.82
		Rupelian			Kekeamuan		Tinguirirican						28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
									Arnold	Runangan			34.6
							Divisaderan			Runangan			35.9 *
										Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian											41.2
							Mustersan						41.9 *
									Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
										Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian				Bumbanian							47.8
							Casamayoran						47.9 *
										Mangaorapan			48.9
										Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan		Riochican			Teurian			56
							Itaboraian						56.9 *
							Peligran						58.9 *
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
		Danian					Tiupampan						62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata			Haumurian		66
		Campanian					Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara			Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
							Mangaotanean		90.5
							Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan		93.9
				Clarence			Ngaterian		95.2
							Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan		100.5
							Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai			Korangan	108.4
		Aptian					Korangan	113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
								Planulata	179.3 *
								Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
								Kanense		181.3 *
								Carlottense		182.3 *
								Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian						Kunae		184.2
								Freboldi		185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian									192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
								Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian						Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec		Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
		Pragian	Pragian			407.6
		Pragian	Pragian		Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan				445.2
				Cautleyan			448.9 *
				Pusgillian			449.3 *
				Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †				449.6 *
						Cheneyan					451.5 *
						Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
							Actonian †				453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †					455.2 *
						Aurelucian	Longvillian †					456.8 *
						Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig		Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian						470
						Whitlandian						471.1 *
						Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc		Migneintian						477.7
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc		Cressagian						480.8 *
													485 *