PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of the Baltic	South American Land Mammal Ages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Lujanian								0.0117
		Chibanian		Lujanian								0.129
				Ensenadan								0.3 *
							Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian					0.774
							Nukumaruan					1.63
				Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian										1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Vorohuean								2.58
				Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
							Waipipian					3
		Zanclean					Waipipian					3.6
				Montehermosan			Opoitian					3.7 *
				Huayquerian			Opoitian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian										7.246
				Chasicoan								7.9 *
				Mayoan								9.9 *
				Laventan								10.9 *
						Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan					11.63
							Lillburnian					13.05
				Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian										13.82
							Clifdenian					15.1
				Friasian			Clifdenian					15.4 *
						Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian										15.98
				Santacrucian								16.2 *
				Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
							Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian										20.44
				Deseadan								20.9 *
						Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian					23.03
							Duntroonian					25.2
							Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
		Rupelian		Tinguirirican								28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
						Arnold	Runangan					34.6
				Divisaderan			Runangan					35.9 *
							Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian										41.2
				Mustersan								41.9 *
						Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
							Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian										47.8
				Casamayoran								47.9 *
							Mangaorapan					48.9
							Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Riochican			Teurian					56
				Itaboraian								56.9 *
				Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
		Danian		Tiupampan								62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata		Haumurian	66
		Campanian				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara		Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan	93.9
				Clarence		Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian			Korangan	113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
						Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
						Kanense		181.3 *
						Carlottense		182.3 *
						Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian				Kunae		184.2
						Freboldi		185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian							192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare						419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma						421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare						423
		Ludfordian	Paadla						423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula						427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		433.4
		Telychian	Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan				445.2
					Cautleyan				448.9 *
					Pusgillian				449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan					451.5 *
					Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian				Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Aurelucian				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian			470
					Whitlandian			471.1 *
					Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
												485 *