PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of China	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras							168.2
		Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
		Aalenian						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
								Planulata							179.3 *
								Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
								Kanense							181.3 *
								Carlottense							182.3 *
								Kunae							183.5 *
		Pliensbachian						Kunae							184.2
								Freboldi							185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras						189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
		Sinemurian													192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
								Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
		Hettangian						Franziceras/Euphyllites							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian						Dorashamian		251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian						Dorashamian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		Laoshanian						Dzhulfian		254.14
							Laoshanian				Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
							Laibinian					Vyatkian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan	Severodvinian	Midian					259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian	Urzhumian	Midian					264.28
		Wordian				Urzhumian	Murgabian					266.2 *
		Roadian				Kazanian					Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian					Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				Kubergandian	273.01
							Filipovian				Kubergandian	276.5 *
							Filipovian				Bolorian	279.8
							Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
					Longlinian		Sarginian					285.4 *
							Irginian					285.9 *
							Irginian				Yakhtashian	286
							Burtsevian				Yakhtashian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				Sakmarian	290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian				Sakmarian	291.7 *
		Asselian			Zisongian	Asselian	Shikhanian				Asselian	293.52
				Uskalykian			294.8
				Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Gzhelian									300.1
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli										Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian									Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian									Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian									Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian									Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian									Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian									Jaani	433.4
		Telychian									Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian									Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian									Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian									Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian									Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan				445.2
									Cautleyan				448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †		449.6 *
									Cheneyan			451.5 *
									Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
										Actonian †		453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †			455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †			456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian	467.3						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn
		Dapingian	Arenig					Fennian	468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian	470
								Whitlandian	471.1 *
								Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc					Migneintian	477.7
			Tremadoc					Cressagian	480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †				497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
															509