PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of North America		Central Paratethys Stages	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian				Pannonian										7.246
		Serravallian				Sarmatian										11.63
		Serravallian				Badenian										12.8 *
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian					251.902
		Wuchiapingian									Dzhulfian					254.14
		Wuchiapingian							Tatarian	Vyatkian	Dzhulfian					256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian						Severodvinian	Midian					259.51
		Wordian		Wordian						Urzhumian	Midian					264.28
		Wordian		Wordian						Urzhumian	Murgabian					266.2 *
		Roadian		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian						266.9
		Roadian		Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Kubergandian					273.01
										Filipovian	Kubergandian					276.5 *
										Filipovian	Bolorian					279.8
										Saraninian						280.1 *
					Hessian					Saraninian						281.9 *
		Artinskian							Artinskian	Sarginian						283.5
										Irginian						285.9 *
											Yakhtashian					286
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian											286.1 *
										Burtsevian						287.8 *
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	Sakmarian					290.1
		Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *		Sakmarian		Sakmarian
		Asselian	Nealian		Asselian		Shikhanian	Asselian	293.52
							Uskalykian		294.8
						Surenian	297.5
						Surenian	Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Kuzel		298.9
							Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian							Cantabrian	307
							Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean					Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
							Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian					Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian					Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian								Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian										Rawtheyan	445.2
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
											Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
												Cheneyan		451.5 *
												Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian												453
													Actonian †	453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
												Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian									Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										Fennian			470
												Whitlandian			471.1 *
												Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian									Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
		Tremadocian									Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
																485 *