PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of China		Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian						2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian						3
		Zanclean							Waipipian						3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan						7.246
		Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian							Waiauan						11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian						13.82
									Clifdenian						15.1
								Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian						15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian						23.03
									Duntroonian						25.2
									Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
								Arnold	Runangan						34.6
									Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian						41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
									Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan						47.8
									Mangaorapan						48.9
									Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian						56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian							Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
									Mangaotanean						90.5
									Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan						93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
									Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan						100.5
									Urutawan						103.3
								Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian							Korangan						113
		Aptian													117.5
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Planulata	179.3 *
				Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense		181.3 *
				Carlottense		182.3 *
				Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
				Freboldi		185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian					192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
		Asselian					Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Kuzel	298.9
							Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
								Stephanian B		300.9 *
								Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A		303.7
		Kasimovian						Cantabrian		305 *
		Moscovian						Cantabrian		307
							Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
								Westphalian C		309.8
								Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian						Westphalian B		315.2
								Westphalian A		317 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
								Marsdenian		320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
								Alportian		322 *
								Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chokierian		323.2
								Arnsbergian		324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean					Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
							Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian					Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian				353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan						445.2
						Cautleyan						448.9 *
				Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †					449.6 *
					Cheneyan						451.5 *
					Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
						Actonian †					453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †					Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †						455.2 *
					Aurelucian	Longvillian †						456.8 *
					Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian							470
					Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian							480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian										Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian										Paibian		494
		Paibian										Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian										Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan										Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3										Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian										Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian										Jinnigian		530.7
															538.8