PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian							72.1
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian							100.5
							Middle Albian							106.2 *
							Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian							113
		Aptian					Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian							139.8
							Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
							Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian							168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian							168.6 *
		Aalenian					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian							174.7
							Middle Toarcian							180.4 *
							Early Toarcian							182.9 *
		Pliensbachian					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian					Sevatian							208.5
							Alaunian							213.2 *
							Lacian							216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian							227
		Carnian					Julian							233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian							237
		Ladinian					Fassanian							239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian							242
							Pelsonian							243.8 *
							Bithynian							244.7 *
							Aegean							245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian							247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian							248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian							251.2
		Induan					Griesbachian							251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian				259.51
		Wordian								Midian				264.28
		Wordian								Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian								Murgabian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian				273.01
		Kungurian								Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian								Bolorian				283.5
		Artinskian								Yakhtashian				286
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian							Bursumian †	Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian					298.9
		Kasimovian							Missourian					303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian	Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Chesterian	330.9
			Meramecian	335.8 *
			Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Pirgu			Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Vormsi	Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †		449.6 *
					Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
				Viru	Rakvere							450.6 *
					Rakvere			Cheneyan				451.5 *
					Oandu			Cheneyan				452 *
					Oandu			Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian			Keila						Idavere †	453
					Keila				Actonian †			453.2 *
					Haljala				Actonian †			453.9
									Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †				455.2 *
					Kukruse								456.4 *
								Aurelucian					456.8 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
					Uhaku				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
					Lasnamagi								458.9 *
					Aseri								460.4 *
					Aseri			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
				Oeland	Kunda								462.9 *
					Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
					Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
						Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
					Billingen								469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
							Latorp †						470.1 *
								Whitlandian					471.1 *
					Hunneberg			Whitlandian					473.7 *
								Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc		Migneintian					477.7
								Cressagian					480.8 *
					Varangu					481.3 *
					Pakerort					482.2 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								486.3 *
														486.5