PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				North American Land Mammal Ages	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of China		Ammonite Chrons of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean								0
				Meghalayan					Santarosean								0.0004
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean								0.014
				Chibanian					Rancholabrean								0.129
				Chibanian					Irvingtonian								0.21
				Calabrian					Irvingtonian								0.774
				Calabrian					Blancan								1.4
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
				Zanclean													3.6
				Zanclean					Hemphillian								4.7
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian					Clarendonian								9.4
				Serravallian					Clarendonian								11.63
				Serravallian					Barstovian								12.5
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
									Hemingfordian								16.3
									Arikareean								18.5
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
				Rupelian													27.82
									Whitneyan								29.5
									Orellan								31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian								33.9
				Priabonian					Duchesnean								37
				Bartonian					Duchesnean								37.71
				Bartonian					Uintan								39.7
				Lutetian					Uintan								41.2
				Lutetian					Bridgerian								46.2
				Ypresian					Bridgerian								47.8
									Wasatchian								50.5
									Clarkforkian								54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Clarkforkian								56
				Thanetian					Tiffanian								56.2
				Selandian					Tiffanian								59.2
				Selandian					Torrejonian								60.9
				Danian					Torrejonian								61.6
				Danian					Puercan								63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian										Epizigzagiceras			168.2
				Bajocian										Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.4
				Aalenian										Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			174.7
Planulata					179.3 *
Planulata					Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
Kanense						181.3 *
Carlottense						182.3 *
Kunae						183.5 *
Kunae				Pliensbachian		184.2
Freboldi						185.1 *
Whiteavesi/Imlayi						Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras						Canadensis	190.3 *
				Sinemurian			192.9
Pseudaetomoceras					Psiloceras		196.4 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites				Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian						Pirgu		Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
									Rakvere		Cheneyan			451.5 *
									Oandu		Cheneyan			452 *
									Oandu		Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian						Keila				Idavere †	453
									Keila			Actonian †		453.2 *
									Haljala			Actonian †		453.9
												Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †			455.2 *
									Kukruse						456.4 *
											Aurelucian				456.8 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
									Uhaku			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
									Lasnamagi						458.9 *
									Aseri						460.4 *
									Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
								Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
						Valaste †/Hunderum			Kunda				464.3 *
									Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
			Dapingian	467.3
				Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
									Billingen	469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
						Latorp †					470.1 *
					Whitlandian						471.1 *
					Whitlandian				Hunneberg		473.7 *
Moridunian					474.3 *
Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
				Cressagian	480.8 *
					Varangu				481.3 *
					Pakerort				482.2 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †		485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian							Paibian				494
		Paibian							Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian		Wangcunian †		497
		Drumian							Drumian		Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian				509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian					Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian											Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau			1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan			1375
																	1400