PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Australia	Permian of North America		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian											72.1
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian											100.5
							Middle Albian											106.2 *
							Early Albian											109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian											113
		Aptian					Early Aptian											119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian											139.8
							Middle Berriasian											140.6 *
							Early Berriasian											142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian											152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras						168.2
							Late Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
							Early Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.6 *
		Aalenian					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
												Planulata						179.3 *
														Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
							Middle Toarcian											180.4 *
												Kanense						181.3 *
												Carlottense						182.3 *
							Early Toarcian					Carlottense						182.9 *
							Early Toarcian					Kunae						183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					Kunae						184.2
												Freboldi						185.1 *
												Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
													Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
												Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
		Sinemurian					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian											192.9
												Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
												Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian					Sevatian											208.5
							Alaunian											213.2 *
							Lacian											216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian											227
		Carnian					Julian											233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian											237
		Ladinian					Fassanian											239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian											242
							Pelsonian											243.8 *
							Bithynian											244.7 *
							Aegean											245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian											247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian											248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian											251.2
		Induan					Griesbachian											251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian		Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian		Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Berounian				Streffordian		449.7 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †				454.2 *
										Longvillian †					455.2 *
															Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Aurelucian				456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
								Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
					Dobrotivian								458.5 *
					Oretanian								459.7 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
								Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †						467.3
					Arenigian									468
						Arenig			Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian					470
									Whitlandian					471.1 *
									Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
								Tremadoc	Cressagian					480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10					Payntonian							486.8 *
		Jiangshanian					Iverian							489.5
		Paibian					Idamean							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Mindyallan							497
		Guzhangian					Boomerangian							499
		Drumian					Undillan							500.5
		Drumian					Floran							503
		Wuliuan					Templetonian							504.5
		Wuliuan					Ordian							507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4					Ordian							509
																		510.8 *