PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Precambrian of Russia	Devonian Subages	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Chibanian										Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian										Castlecliffian		0.774
				Calabrian										Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian										Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian										Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian		2.58
				Piacenzian										Waipipian		3
				Zanclean										Waipipian		3.6
				Zanclean										Opoitian		3.7
			Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian										Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian										Tongaporutuan		7.246
				Tortonian									Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian										Waiauan		11.63
				Serravallian										Lillburnian		13.05
				Langhian										Lillburnian		13.82
														Clifdenian		15.1
													Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian										Altonian		15.98
				Burdigalian										Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian										Otaian		20.44
				Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Waitakian		23.03
														Duntroonian		25.2
														Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
													Arnold	Runangan		34.6
														Kaiatan		36.7
				Bartonian										Kaiatan		37.71
				Bartonian										Bortonian		39.1
				Lutetian										Bortonian		41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
														Heretaungan		45.7
				Ypresian										Heretaungan		47.8
														Mangaorapan		48.9
														Waipawan		52
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Teurian		56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Mata	Haumurian		66
				Campanian										Haumurian		72.1
				Santonian										Piripauan		83.6
				Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
														Mangaotanean		90.5
														Arowhanan		93.7
				Cenomanian										Arowhanan		93.9
													Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
														Motuan		99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										Motuan		100.5
														Urutawan		103.3
													Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Aptian										Korangan		113
				Aptian												117.5
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
			Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
			Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
					Planulata	179.3 *
					Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
					Kanense		181.3 *
					Carlottense		182.3 *
					Kunae		183.5 *
			Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
					Freboldi		185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
			Sinemurian					192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
			Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
			Wuchiapingian					254.14
			Wuchiapingian					Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian						Urzhumian	264.28
			Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
									Filipovian	276.5 *
									Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
									Irginian	285.9 *
									Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian					Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
									Uskalykian	294.8
									Surenian	297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian	358.9
										Middle Famennian	365.3 *
										Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian							Late Frasnian	372.2
										Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
										Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
										Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian						387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian						390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian						393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian						398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian						410.8
				Middle Lochkovian						412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian						415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian							Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
													Cautleyan	448.9 *
													Pusgillian	449.3 *
											Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Berounian			449.7 *			Streffordian
										Cheneyan			451.5 *
					Burrellian	452.7 *
			Sandbian			453
						Actonian †				453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †			454.2 *
						Longvillian †							455.2 *
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Aurelucian										456.8 *
Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian										457.4 *
Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian										Liben †			458 *
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
							Dobrotivian						458.5 *
							Oretanian						459.7 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								461.3 *
										Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †				467.3
							Arenigian							468
			Arenig		Fennian									468.4 *
Early Ordovician		Floian			Fennian									470
					Whitlandian									471.1 *
					Moridunian									474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian				Tremadoc			Migneintian				477.7
							Tremadoc			Cressagian				480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																1400