PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian								3
		Zanclean						Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean						Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian						Waiauan								11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian								13.82
								Clifdenian								15.1
							Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian						Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian						Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian								23.03
								Duntroonian								25.2
								Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
							Arnold	Runangan								34.6
								Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian						Bortonian								41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
								Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan								47.8
								Mangaorapan								48.9
								Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian								56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian						Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
								Mangaotanean								90.5
								Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan								93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
								Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan								100.5
								Urutawan								103.3
							Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian						Korangan								113
		Aptian														117.5
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan	150
					Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Herangi	Ururoan	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	176
						Planulata	179.3 *
						Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
						Kanense			181.3 *
						Carlottense			182.3 *
						Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian				Kunae			184.2
						Freboldi			185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
					Aratauran	Whiteavesi/Imlayi				188.9
										189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian								192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras			196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian			Warepan					208.5
					Otamitan					217
					Oretian					221
		Carnian			Oretian					227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian			Etalian					238
		Anisian			Etalian					242
		Anisian			Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian					249
		Induan			Nelsonian					251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan					251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian					253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian					254.14
					Puruhauan					254.2
					Puruhauan					Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian						Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian						Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian						Urzhumian	266
		Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
					Mangapirian						Irenian/Ufimian	276
											Filipovian	276.5 *
											Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian								Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
					Telfordian						Sarginian	285
											Irginian	285.9 *
								Burtsevian			287.8 *
								Burtsevian			288.5
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian						Asselian		Shikhanian	293.52
			Uskalykian							294.8
			Surenian							297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan				448.9 *
									Pusgillian				449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †		449.6 *
							Streffordian			Berounian	449.7 *
							Cheneyan				451.5 *
							Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
									Actonian †		453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †		454.2 *
									Longvillian †				455.2 *
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Aurelucian								456.8 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
										Oretanian					459.7 *
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								461.3 *
												Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian										Klabava †			467.3
										Arenigian					468
						Arenig	Fennian								468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian								470
							Whitlandian								471.1 *
							Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian				Tremadoc		Migneintian			477.7
										Tremadoc		Cressagian			480.8 *
															485 *
																485.4