PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Permian of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of North America						Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Calabrian																		0.774
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Yushean				2.58
		Zanclean														Yushean				3.6
		Zanclean														Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Tortonian														Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian														Tunggurian				11.63
		Langhian														Shanwangian				13.82
		Burdigalian														Shanwangian				15.98
		Burdigalian														Xiejiaan				16.9
		Aquitanian														Xiejiaan				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian																251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian																253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian																254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian																257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan																259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian																264.28
		Roadian		Kuhfengian																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian																273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian																283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian																285.4 *
		Sakmarian	290.1	Longlinian
		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian		300.1
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian	Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian		Gamachian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
								Richmondian			Rawtheyan	446 *
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
					Eastonian						Cautleyan	449 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Berounian							449.7 *
								Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian						450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian						451.1 *
											Cheneyan			451.5 *
					Gisbornian						Cheneyan			452 *
											Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian												453
												Actonian †		453.2 *
								Turinian				Actonian †		453.7 *
												Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †			455.2 *
															Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Aurelucian						456.8 *
							Whiterockian						Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
										Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian				Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
						Dobrotivian												458.5 *
						Oretanian												459.7 *
											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
										Sarka †								461.7 *
		Dapingian			Yapeenian					Klabava †								467.3
						Arenigian												468
									Arenig		Fennian							468.4 *
					Castlemainian													468.5 *
					Castlemainian			Rangerian										469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian									Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Chewtonian						Whitlandian								471.1 *
					Bendigonian														471.8 *
					Lancefieldian														473.5 *
								Tulean											473.9 *
											Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian								477.7
			Stairsian					480.3 *			Migneintian
			Stairsian					Cressagian			480.8 *
			Skullrockian								Demingian †							482 *
					Warendian													482.8 *
					Warendian													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10																485.4
																				487.5