PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of China			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Precambrian of Russia	Permian of Western Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian					0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Yushean					2.58
				Zanclean									Yushean					3.6
				Zanclean									Baodean					4.9
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Tortonian									Tunggurian					11.1
				Serravallian									Tunggurian					11.63
				Langhian									Shanwangian					13.82
				Burdigalian									Shanwangian					15.98
				Burdigalian									Xiejiaan					16.9
				Aquitanian									Xiejiaan					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				Zechstein						254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian				Rotliegendes						259.51
				Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian										264.28
				Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian								Autunian						283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian														293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	Chientangkiangian					Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					Pusgillian	449.5
							Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian								453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †		454.2 *
										Longvillian †			455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †			456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
					Guniu †/Hulo				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
					Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo							466.3 *
			Dapingian	Dapingian									467.3
			Dapingian	Dapingian			Arenig		Fennian				468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian					Fennian				470
									Whitlandian				471.1 *
									Moridunian				474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian			Tremadoc		Migneintian				477.7
						Lianghekou †			Migneintian				477.9 *
									Cressagian				480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										497
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan										504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4										509
	Stage 3	Series 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan			1375
																		1400