PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale				Permian of North America		Mesozoic Subages		Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian									100.5
						Middle Albian									106.2 *
						Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian									113
		Aptian				Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian									139.8
						Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
						Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian									168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian									168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian									174.7
						Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
						Early Toarcian									182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian				Sevatian									208.5
						Alaunian									213.2 *
						Lacian									216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian									227
		Carnian				Julian									233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian									237
		Ladinian				Fassanian									239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian									242
						Pelsonian									243.8 *
						Bithynian									244.7 *
						Aegean									245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian									247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian									248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian									251.2
		Induan				Griesbachian									251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian						Midian					259.51
		Wordian		Wordian						Midian					264.28
		Wordian		Wordian						Murgabian					266.2 *
		Roadian		Roadian						Murgabian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian					Kubergandian					273.01
					Cathedralian					Bolorian					279.8
					Hessian										281.9 *
		Artinskian													283.5
										Yakhtashian					286
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					Yakhtashian					286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian					Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian			Nealian				Bursumian †	Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian	Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian	Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian		323.2
		Visean	Chesterian		330.9
			Meramecian		335.8 *
			Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian	Siegen					407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian				Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Pusgillian	449.5
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
											Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
								Guniu †/Hulo			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
								Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
		Dapingian					Dapingian							467.3
		Dapingian					Dapingian			Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian				Fennian			470
											Whitlandian			471.1 *
											Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian	Tremadoc			Migneintian	477.7
									Lianghekou †	Migneintian	477.9 *
										Cressagian	480.8 *
											485 *
															485.4