PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Carboniferous of China	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian							Late Miocene						7.246
		Serravallian							Middle Miocene						11.63
		Langhian							Middle Miocene						13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene						15.98
		Aquitanian							Early Miocene						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Lutetian							Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian							Early Eocene		Bumbanian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene	Gashatan					56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites								168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum							168.4
		Aalenian					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense							174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons								180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum								182
		Pliensbachian					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni								184.2
		Sinemurian					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi								192.9
		Hettangian					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Dorashamian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Dzhulfian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Midian			259.51
		Wordian										Midian			264.28
		Wordian										Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian										Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Kubergandian			273.01
		Kungurian										Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian										Bolorian			283.5
		Artinskian										Yakhtashian			286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou			Wufeng †	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian						Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						Pusgillian	449.5
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian			456.8 *	Longvillian †
								Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
						Guniu †/Hulo				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
						Hunjiang †			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
		Dapingian			Dapingian		467.3
		Dapingian			Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian		468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian			Fennian		470
								Whitlandian		471.1 *
								Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian		Tremadoc	Migneintian		477.7
								Migneintian	Lianghekou †	477.9 *
								Cressagian		480.8 *
										485 *
															485.4