PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Silurian of England		Permian of China	Permian of Western Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian					0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Yushean					2.58
		Zanclean								Yushean					3.6
		Zanclean								Baodean					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian								Tunggurian					11.1
		Serravallian								Tunggurian					11.63
		Langhian								Shanwangian					13.82
		Burdigalian								Shanwangian					15.98
		Burdigalian								Xiejiaan					16.9
		Aquitanian								Xiejiaan					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Meishanian							251.902
		Changhsingian						Baoqingian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian						Laoshanian	Zechstein						254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Laibinian	Zechstein						257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Lengwuan	Rotliegendes						259.51
		Wordian						Kuhfengian							264.28
		Roadian						Kuhfengian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Luodianian							273.01
		Artinskian						Luodianian	Autunian						283.5
		Artinskian						Longlinian							285.4 *
		Sakmarian	290.1					Longlinian
		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian			300.1
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Ohesaare	419.2
						Bringewood/Elton	Ohesaare	421.3
						Bringewood/Elton	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	Rootsikula	427.4
					Wych	Woolhope	Rootsikula	428.4 *
							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
							Adavere	434 *
								436.3 *
		Aeronian						438.5
					Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
							Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian						Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						Pusgillian	449.5
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
											Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
							Guniu †/Hulo				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
							Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo						466.3 *
		Dapingian			Dapingian									467.3
		Dapingian			Dapingian					Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian						Fennian			470
											Whitlandian			471.1 *
											Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian					Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
								Lianghekou †			Migneintian			477.9 *
											Cressagian			480.8 *
														485 *
															485.4