PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of China		Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Chibanian										Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian										Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian										Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian										Waipipian					3
		Zanclean										Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean										Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian										Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian									Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian										Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian										Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian					13.82
												Clifdenian					15.1
											Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian										Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian										Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian										Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Waitakian					23.03
												Duntroonian					25.2
												Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
											Arnold	Runangan					34.6
												Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian										Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian										Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian										Bortonian					41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
												Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian										Heretaungan					47.8
												Mangaorapan					48.9
												Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Teurian					56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian										Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian										Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
												Mangaotanean					90.5
												Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian										Arowhanan					93.9
											Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
												Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Motuan					100.5
												Urutawan					103.3
											Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian										Korangan					113
		Aptian															117.5
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Planulata	179.3 *
				Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense		181.3 *
				Carlottense		182.3 *
				Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
				Freboldi		185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian					192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
		Asselian					Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Kuzel	298.9
							Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian						Cantabrian	307
							Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian						Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean					Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
							Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian					Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian				353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
									Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc				Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Edenian	450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
					Turinian				Actonian †	453.7 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian				456.8 *
				Whiterockian							Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
						Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
					Rangerian								469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian							Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Blackhillsian		Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Tulean		Whitlandian							473.9 *
							Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
					Stairsian		Migneintian							480.3 *
					Stairsian		Cressagian							480.8 *
					Skullrockian		Cressagian						Demingian †	482 *
													Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10												Niuchehean		487.5
		Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian												Paibian		494
		Paibian												Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian												Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan												Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3												Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian												Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian												Jinnigian		530.7
																	538.8